Is mechanical weed removal effective? With Rolmako – yes!
It is widely understood that controlling weeds in the field is essential for ensuring optimal yields. Weeds, particularly perennial, deep-rooted ones, deprive crops of water and nutrients. Furthermore, in a heavily infested field, up to 80% less light may reach the plants, reducing harvest quality and delaying ripening. It is estimated that weeds cause more damage to the field than diseases and pests. Rolmako provides an effective solution.
Weed removal – chemical or mechanical?
An important question arises: how to effectively remove weeds? This is especially concerning for farmers transitioning to plowless or organic farming. Weed seeds settle close to the surface, from where they emerge quickly. Regardless of the cultivation system, farmers can choose between chemical or mechanical weed control.
For herbicides, experts recommend dividing weed control into soil (immediately after sowing) and foliar applications. In no-plow farming, herbicide adjustment may be necessary in spring. Studies indicate nearly 100% effectiveness in weed removal; however, achieving this level requires appropriate selection of preparation and dosage. Moreover, it should be tailored to soil type and moisture, organic content, sorption complex size, weed and plant development stages, and temperature. An error in any aspect not only reduces weed control effectiveness but may also damage the crop. Considering other herbicide-related challenges (e.g., EU restrictions and price increases), it is unsurprising that many farmers prefer a return to mechanical weed removal.
However, is this method effective?
This was investigated by scientists from Germany in 2021. Their study demonstrated that using an appropriate mechanical tool at a speed of 6-8 km/h achieves 75% effectiveness in removing weeds in winter wheat and 82% effectiveness in fields with fodder peas.
Comparable research was conducted by scientists from the University of Rzeszów. Over a three-year period, they assessed the effects of harrowing, mechanical-chemical methods, and varying herbicide dosages on weed infestation in spring wheat. Both double harrowing and reduced herbicide doses eliminated 75-80% of weeds. Superior results were obtained by combining these methods, resulting in a 92-94% reduction in weeds.
Mechanical Weed Removal – Rolmako Machines
Rolmako is an innovative company addressing the increasing trend of replacing chemicals with agrotechnical devices for weed eradication. This Polish company, with several decades of experience, offers machines for mechanical weed removal in the cultivation of cereals, potatoes, corn, beets, rapeseed, and most vegetables.
The ActiVAgro weeder
The ActiVAgro weeder comprises multiple individual spring tines that follow the crop. The sections, each 1.5 m wide, contain 48 tines arranged in 6 rows. Each section is independently mounted on the swing arm, ensuring seamless terrain adaptation. The weeder tine angle can be adjusted mechanically or hydraulically from the tractor cabin. The machine employs a hydraulic arm folding system to minimize transport width and height.
Consequently, a machine with a working width of up to 12 m does not exceed 3 m in width during road transport. ActiVAgro can be utilized to eradicate weeds both before the plant's emergence phase and post-growth. When correctly used, the tines will not damage established and well-grown crop plants. They will disturb the soil sufficiently to dislodge the weeds from the ground. If left on the soil, the weeds will wither and die. The weeder effectively eliminates weeds in cereals and legumes. The device is also effective in rapeseed, other cereals, vegetables, corn, sugar beets, potatoes, soybeans, peas, pumpkins, and grasslands.
The rotary hoe Matrix
The rotary hoe Matrix operates on a distinct principle. It comprises multiple 540 mm diameter star discs with 16 aggressive tips engaging with the soil. During operation, the tips immerse themselves into the ground to a depth of up to 40 mm, extracting weeds with roots along with a handful of soil. These weeds, deposited on the field surface, subsequently dry and decay over time. The precise angle of the star discs safeguards crops.
The rotary hoe Matrix is equipped with wear-resistant, self-sharpening star tips, each measuring 18 mm in width. The stars are interconnected via a tandem suspension system, with each pair individually cushioned by a spring. This design allows the machine to adapt to field unevenness across its entire working width. The deflection capability of the stars ensures smooth operation for the Matrix rotary hoe.
Additionally, the arm has been engineered to prevent stones from getting lodged between it and the weeding stars. Although the Matrix rotary hoe was designed for inter-row weed removal, it is an effective tool for fields with substantial crop residues. It is also suitable for crushing crusted soil, mixing fertilizer with soil, maintaining grasslands, and ultra-shallow stubble cultivation.
The use of the rotary hoe also loosens the soil and interrupts capillary seepage. The outcome of its work is not only the elimination of weeds but also the enhancement of the water and air properties of the soil. Operating at speeds of 25 km/h, combined with large working widths, results in high work efficiency per hectare with low fuel consumption and minimal wear on working components.
Harrows and units for mechanical weed removal
Not all farmers may opt to invest in a dedicated device for weed removal. In such instances, Rolmako recommends utilizing more versatile tools, such as the SpringExpert mulch harrow featuring tines mounted on a spring, or a combination of a cultivator and mulching harrow a ComboTill. Both units are commonly employed in ultra-shallow cultivation. The ActiVAgro weeder can alternatively be substituted with a disc harrow, such as the SpeedCutter from Rolmako.
With Rolmako, you will effectively remove weeds in the field!
However, remember that weeds are most effectively combated in spring when they are in the cotyledon phase or developing their first true leaves. This requires two passes and adequate soil moisture. It is best if the top layer crumbles into lumps when harrowed. Spring cereals are harrowed in three treatments: the first 5-7 days after sowing, the second during emergence, and the third after the cereals produce their fourth leaf.
Certainly, additional conditions must be met to ensure the effectiveness of mechanical weed removal. Nevertheless, the manufacturer has addressed this. The Rolmako website offers guidance on the optimal timing for using the device, settings adjustments, work intensity based on crop type, weed cotyledon stage, weed height, and even the most suitable weather for weeding the field.